In drip Irrigation, there are two types of drip irrigation systems. The other type is called the Barnola drip irrigation system in Pakistan. Drip irrigation is also known as trickle irrigation or slow drip irrigation. This is because the water is watered very slowly, around a 2-inch width for each plant.
Barnola Drip Irrigation System
The barnola drip irrigation system in Pakistan uses two types of emitters. The first type of emitter is placed beneath the ground and is dug deep into the earth. The second type is installed on the top of the soil and is dug into the earth a few inches below the existing surface. Both types of emitters emit water at a low rate but in opposite directions thereby ensuring that nutrients are being absorbed by the plant.
The drip irrigation water passes through the emitters and is drip tedibly down towards the drip ring. As it drips down, it starts to run onto the ground. The drip ring is a thin layer of soil around the base of the plant. It is a space of approximately one to two millimeters in depth. This is the space that absorbs water from the drip water. It is important that the moisture seepage is reduced by evenly spreading the water over the root zone to ensure that the roots are not damaged.
Micro-irrigation systems
Micro-irrigation systems are used in drip irrigation in Pakistan. A micro-irrigation machine includes two tanks – the collection tank and the driver tank. The collector tank houses the micro-irrigating solution while the dripper tank is where the actual drip irrigation happens. The system consists of an evaporator and an air pump.
The tank needs to be firmly attached to the structure for which drip irrigation is taking place. Substrates are placed in the drip zone with the water flowing from the drip irrigation system then falls on the sandy soil below. The nutrients are absorbed by the sand and spread over the root zone of the plants. This helps to develop the root system as well as the turf. Fertigation is also needed to help the plants to develop deep roots.
Automatic Irrigation System
An automatic irrigation system is also available for drip irrigation systems. The automatic emitter has a handheld device that is used to start the pumping process. It is controlled by a switch on the wall of the drip irrigation system. The device requires manual operation by a trained technician.
The system needs to be watered before the plants are able to absorb the nutrients. This is done by the manual pump working on the emitter. Some drip irrigation systems also contain a sprinkler or a hydro-spraying device. This helps in getting more even distribution of the water.
Subsurface Drip Irrigation Systems
Subsurface drip irrigation systems can be installed using drip irrigation tape. These tapes have holes in them. Water is distributed with the help of the machine through the holes in the tape. For large areas, it is recommended that subsurface drip irrigation systems are installed using drip tape. A detailed study of the need for an appropriate system and its application is necessary for the proper functioning of a drip irrigation system.
Sprinkler Emitters
Sprinkler emitters are another type of drip irrigation system. The use of these emitters depends upon various factors such as the volume of the water to be distributed, the soil type and its condition, and so on. There are two types of drip irrigation emitters: the standalone and the integration are. Stand-alone emitters are fitted right into the ground whereas integration is placed above the ground surface.
A Stand-Alone Drip irrigation Systems
Stand-alone drip irrigation systems are not very efficient because they do not penetrate the soil. They also emit a lot of noise. Integration is subsurface drip irrigation systems. These are connected to drip tape via a valve and water is distributed by the machine on the basis of the tape.
Plastic Emitter
The plastic emitter is a very good choice if there is a need for drip irrigation in heavy traffic areas such as a farm or vineyard. They are quite effective but the major disadvantage of this system is that they emit a strong odor and plastic is an irritant for people and animals. On the other hand, it is much easier to handle and install than the subsurface irrigation system.
Final Verdict
In case you want a system that can be installed without any digging, then you should choose the integrated system. It is made up of drip tape, a surface emitter, sprinkler heads, and a subsurface emitter. The process is very simple and there is no need to make any sort of mess. If you have an area that receives heavy rainfall, then you should think of installing a plastic emitter and sprinkler heads that emit a cool vapor rather than the water.
